[47], In 1971 Tony Shearer published a book called Lord of the Dawn: Quetzalcoatl and the Tree of Life, inspiring New Age followers to visit Chichen Itza at the summer solstice when dragon-shaped shadows are cast by the Kulkulcan pyramid.[48]. Two other gods represented by the planet Venus are Quetzalcoatl's ally Tlaloc (the god of rain), and Quetzalcoatl's twin and psychopomp, Xolotl, the dog-headed soul-guide for the dead. Cholula was the center of his veneration and an important pilgrimage site. Several bouquets of offering flowers have been discovered 59 feet below temple of the god Quetzalcatl - a pyramid that still stands in the Mexican ruined city of Teotihuacan 'In total there are. Copyright: imagesofanthropology.com(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 3: The legendary priest, Ce Acatl Topilltzin Quetzalcoatl in a blood-letting ceremony. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Flowers especially hyacinths, copal incense, seashells, chocolate, Cihuacoatl; Kolowisi; Oiwa; Malinalxochitl; Mictlantecuhtli; Tezcatlipoca; Xochiquetzal; Xolotl. A Shakespearean sonnet v a Nahua song-poem No-one surpassed the Mixtecs in the applied arts, Short introduction to Mexica/Aztec religion, Do you know the names of all the Aztec gods?, What happened to the Aztec gods after the Conquest? Go tell your master, he said to the servants, that I have come to show him his own flesh. What is this? asked Quetzalcoatl when the message was delivered. And when the wind rose, when the dust rumbled, and it crack and there was a great din, became it became dark and the wind blew in many directions, and it thundered; then it was said: "[Quetzalcoatl] is wrathful. ( Public Domain ) Lakes of mercury, jewel-eyed figures, solid-jade masks, and necklaces beaded with human teeth. Play over 265 million tracks for free on SoundCloud. What is this, my flesh, that you would show me? My lord and priest, replied Tezcatlipoca, I come from the mountainside of Nonoalco. Quetzalcoatl was associated with the wind-god Ehecatl and is often depicted with his insignia: a beak-like mask. In the Maya area he was approximately equivalent to Kukulkan and Gukumatz, names that also roughly translate as "feathered serpent" in different Mayan languages. Since the sixteenth century, it has been widely held that the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II initially believed the landing of Hernn Corts in 1519 to be Quetzalcoatl's return. Quetzalcatls defeat symbolized the downfall of the Classic theocracy. (1), Toci - an aspect of the Great Mother Earth Goddess, Pic 1: Re-creation of mural at Cacaxtla. many, he became a god. They travelled past Cholula (in Puebla), into the Yucatan and Chichn Itz, and may even have gone as far as El Salvador. -To Ehcatl-Quetzalcoatl, you may offer your breath and a melody, remember that as being the life giver he carries your breath and anything that may come forth from your lungs and heart. The Aztec religion is a polytheistic and monistic pantheism in which the Nahua concept of teotl was construed as the supreme god Ometeotl, as well as a diverse pantheon of lesser gods and manifestations of nature. When those opposed to Quetzalcoatl did not succeed in their designs to rid themselves of his presence, they summoned Tezcatlipoca. A bouquet of flowers found in a tunnel under a Teotihuacan pyramid survived a bonfire about 2,000 years ago. They had a son, but there was no wife for him to marry, so the four gods made one out of the hair taken from the head of their divine mother, Zochiquetzal. info)), in honorific form: Quetzalctzin) is a deity in Aztec culture and literature whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and means "Precious serpent" or "Quetzal-feathered Serpent". A banging Bachata-infused club anthem \"Perdido en el Excesso\" further weaves a transcontinental thread with the help of Berlin-based rapper Paco Mendoza, while the crushing reggae vibes of the album's 7-inch single \"In The Gray\" brings the islands to the West Coast with the help of soul singer Brit Lauren backed by horns from supergroup The Lions (Ubiquity).Throughout the entire album, border-crossing collaborations on both vocal and instrumental tracks seamlessly translate the musical synergies between global dancefloor cultures. The half sun created by Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli was a poor light for the world, and the four brothers came together to find a From her wound burst beautiful flowers that the bat took to the lord of the underworld, Mictlantecuhtli, who bathed them in the water of his subterranean rivers and perfumed the blossoms.Many other creation myths revolve around Quetzalcoatl, some including the creation of the maguey plant, and the discovery of corn (follow the link below). Some he left in Cholula and others in Cempoal. means of adding another half to the sun. On a lone voyage, he went to find the bones of the dead in the underworld, known as Mictlan. Some scholarship maintains the view that the Aztec Empire's fall may be attributed in part to the belief in Corts as the returning Quetzalcoatl, notably in works by David Carrasco (1982), H. B. Nicholson (2001 (1957)) and John Pohl (2016). You have troubled yourself much. He ground the bones and mixed them with his blood, creating the first humans of the 5th (and current) sun. Bird, Snake, Dog, Wind, Priest, Roadsweeper even Planet! What does he call my own flesh? After some time Quetzalcoatl took a stick and with a blow of it knocked Tezcatlipoca from the sky into the waters. He then made himself the sun. As the god of learning, of writing, and of books, Quetzalcatl was particularly venerated in the calmecac, religious colleges annexed to the temples, in which the future priests and the sons of the nobility were educated. [40] However, a majority of Mesoamericanist scholars, such as Matthew Restall (2003, 2018[37]), James Lockhart (1994), Susan D. Gillespie (1989), Camilla Townsend (2003a, 2003b), Louise Burkhart, Michel Graulich and Michael E. Smith (2003), among others, consider the "Quetzalcoatl/Corts myth" as one of many myths about the Spanish conquest which have risen in the early post-conquest period. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Later, Xavier and the Aztecs summon Quetzalcoatl in his mortal form and wind up angering him after cutting him open. The half sun created by Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli was a poor light for the world, and the four brothers came together to find a 5D's, Beyblade: Metal Fusion, Fate/Grand Order - Absolute Demonic Front: Babylonia and Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid (the latter two depicting Quetzalcoatl as a female dragon deity); the Megami Tensei video game franchise; the video games Fate/Grand Order, Final Fantasy VIII, Final Fantasy XV, Sanitarium, Smite (as an alternate costume for his Mayan counterpart, Kukulkan), and Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine; as the main antagonist in the Star Trek: The Animated Series episode "How Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth"; and in The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel books. At a certain time the four gathered together and consulted concerning creation. (Image credit: Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e Historia (INAH)/Sergio Gmez . Legend says that Ce Acatl Topiltzin and the Toltecs left Tula after being tricked and shamed by Quetzalcoatls brother, the deity Tezcatlipoca. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In this period the deity is known to have been named Quetzalchutl by his Nahua followers. Those bones he anointed with his own blood, giving birth to the men who inhabit the present universe. Outside of Tenochtitln, the main centre of Quetzalcatls cult was Cholula, on the plateau region called Mesa Central. This image from the Codex Borgia (pic 9) shows Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli displaying the quincunx: five circles associated with Venus. related to the belief in a sky-, Venus-, creator-, war- and fertility-related serpent deity. The Quetzalcoatl of that myth is a god. He lived a life of fasting and prayer. As the morning and evening star, Quetzalcatl was the symbol of death and resurrection. He knew all thoughts and could see into the future. In Xochicalco, depictions of the feathered serpent accompany the image of a seated, armed ruler and the hieroglyph for the day sign 9 Wind. In his purely mythical form the god Quetzalcoatl was one of four brothers born in the 13th heaven. Much of the idea of Corts being seen as a deity can be traced back to the Florentine Codex written down some 50 years after the conquest. With the immigration of Nahua-speaking tribes from the north, Quetzalcatls cult underwent drastic changes. Quetzalcoatl was shocked at his appearance: truly he did not look well. Containing a round temple dedicated to the cult of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl, Cholula was considered a pilgrimage destination across Central Mexico. Quetzalcoatl is a pale, bearded man who wears a conical hat and a robe decorated with flowers and crosses. At last he reached Tlapallan, and on the day he arrived he fell sick and died. With his companion Xolotl, a dog-headed god, he was said to have descended to the underground hell of Mictlan to gather the bones of the ancient dead. All products are produced on-demand and shipped worldwide within 2 - 3 business days. When the right moment came, Tezcatlipoca appeared in his tiger form and gave Quetzalcoatl such a blow with his paw that it hurled him from the skies. Whence come you? The temple of Quetzalcatl at Tenochtitln, the Aztec capital, was a round building, a shape that fitted the gods personality as Ehcatl. [38] Some Franciscans at this time held millennarian beliefs[39] and some of them believed that Corts' coming to the New World ushered in the final era of evangelization before the coming of the millennium. To both Teotihuacan and Maya cultures, Venus was in turn also symbolically connected with warfare.[21]. The popular religion tended to embrace the mythological and polytheistic aspects, and the Aztec Empire 's state religion sponsored . Quetzalcoatl gave her some of the medicine. Quetzalcoatl then swept the earth with a violent tornado that destroyed all of the inhabitants except for a few who were changed into monkeys. Then, when Tezcatlipoca placed Tlaloc, the rain god, as the sun in the heavens, Quetzalcoatl poured a flood of fire upon the earth, drove Tlaloc from the sky, and placed in his stead, as sun, the goddess Chalchiutlicue, the Emerald Skirted, wife of Tlaloc. When she ruled as sun, the earth was flooded, and all humans were drowned again except for those who were changed into fishes. Often our current time was considered the fifth sun,[29] the previous four having been destroyed by flood, fire and the like. He discouraged human sacrifice, recommending flower offerings instead. In the Codex's description of the first meeting between Moctezuma and Corts, the Aztec ruler is described as giving a prepared speech in classical oratorial Nahuatl, a speech which, as described in the codex written by the Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagn and his Tlatelolcan informants, included such prostrate declarations of divine or near-divine admiration as: You have graciously come on earth, you have graciously approached your water, your high place of Mexico, you have come down to your mat, your throne, which I have briefly kept for you, I who used to keep it for you. Franciscans then equated the original Quetzalcoatl with Thomas and imagined that the Indians had long-awaited his return to take part once again in God's kingdom. He is featured on the left in the upper and lower panels of the page. The first people were Cipactonal, a man, and Oxomuco, a woman. After a slapstick-style chase scene, Xavier winds up as the Sun God and commits "sacricide" (sacrificial suicide), ending the skit. Quetzalcoatlhe was the wind, the guide and road sweeper of the rain gods, of the masters of the water, of those who brought rain. Well might they flee from me. [14] Feathered-serpent iconography is prominent at all of these sites. Quetzalcoatl Offering - song and lyrics by Captain Planet | Spotify Home Your Library Create Playlist Liked Songs Cookies Privacy Preview of Spotify Sign up to get unlimited songs and podcasts with occasional ads. He first donned bird-like features in the Olmec period (1400-400 BC), becoming a Quetzal-feathered Serpent in the Classic period (200-900 AD), long before the Aztecs were around (1325-1521 AD). According to Toltec myth, Quetzalcoatl with his brother Tezcatlipocahis sometime partner, rival, and alter egocreated this world. Your email address will not be published. Quetzalcoatl (feathered serpent, precious serpent, precious twin) In Toltec mythology, wind god. Corrections? Quetzalcoatl Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Japanese name: Also known as: Winged Serpent Feathered Serpent Kukulkan Great firebird of the Sun Wind of Mesoamerica Coatl Kuku Portrayals Japanese VA: Aya End WP English VA: Gloria Garayua WP Appearances Primary franchise: Fate Appears in: Fate/Grand Order Characteristics Species: His names outside the Aztec cultural area include Kukulcn, Gucumatz and Votan. Encyclopedia of Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses Written by :Judika Illes Copyright 2009 by Judika Illes. He was also the ninth of the 13 gods of the daytime hours. Tonalamatl), and displayed the portents of the 260 day lunar calendar known as the Tonalpoualli (Counting of the Days). Welcome, youth. Offerings: Colored feathers. The work was left to Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli. They decided to make a sun, one that would eat the hearts and drink the blood of victims, and there must be wars upon the earth, that these victims could be obtained for the sacrifice. Quetzalcoatl then built a great fire and took his son, born of his own flesh without any mother, and cast him into the flames, whence he rose into the sky as the sun which lights the world. Tlaloc then threw his son into the flames, creating the moon. Quetzalcoatl slithers along the border. July 4, 2022 quetzalcoatl offeringsbritish white cattle for sale in washingtonbritish white cattle for sale in washington [10] In his form as the morning star, Venus, he is also depicted as a harpy eagle. Alternate titles: Ce Acatl, Ehcatl, Feathered Serpent, Kukulcn, One Reed. The hero (not the god) Quetzalcoatl either came as a stranger to the Aztecs from an unknown land or was born in Tula, where he reigned as priest-king. The story of the life of the Mexican divinity, Quetzalcoatl, closely resembles that of the Savior; so closely, indeed, that we can come to no other conclusion than that Quetzalcoatl and Christ are the same being. This article is about a Mesoamerican deity. On the basis of the different symbolic systems used in portrayals of the feathered-serpent deity in different cultures and periods, scholars have interpreted the religious and symbolic meaning of the feathered-serpent deity in Mesoamerican cultures. His temple at Teotihuacn dates to the third century CE. As his body burned his heart rose to heaven, and after four days he became the planet Venus, the Morning Star. Historians debate to what degree, or whether at all, these narratives about this legendary Toltec ruler describe historical events. Quetzalcoatl Fact FileInterests: Saving the world (or making it), preserving life, cultivating knowledge and recognising beauty.Day Sign: WindTrecena (13 day week): 1 Jaguar. At temples such as the aptly named "Quetzalcoatl temple" in the Ciudadela complex, feathered serpents figure prominently and alternate with a different kind of serpent head. quetzalcoatl offerings. This confederacy engaged in almost seventy-five years of nearly continuous conflict with the Aztec Empire of the Triple Alliance until the arrival of Corts. The cosmic battle between the two brothers has been interpreted as a dualistic opposition between creative and destructive forces (Taube, 1993, p82). He suffered a crisis of faith and felt he must leave. He was the teacher of arts, the wise lawgiver, the virtuous prince, the master builder, and the merciful judge. Some followers of the Latter Day Saints movement believe that Quetzalcoatl was historically Jesus Christ, but believe his name and the details of the event were gradually lost over time. They decided to make a sun, one that would eat the hearts and drink the blood of victims, and there must be wars upon the earth, that these victims could be obtained for the sacrifice. Quetzalcoatl then built a great fire and took his son, born of his own flesh without any mother, and cast him into the flames, whence he rose into the sky as the sun which lights the world. Tlaloc then threw his son into the flames, creating the moon. Follow the link below to read more about Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, the Morning StarThe legend of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl goes on to tell us that after a long pilgrimage towards the east, our hero found himself so thoroughly defeated by his brother Tezcatlipoca that he threw himself on a burning pyre in an act of self-sacrifice. Place of devotion: Offerings were regularly presented to Quetzalcoatl in Tenochtitlan, but he was also celebrated in other cities like Cholula and Chichn Itz. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Representations of a feathered snake occur as early as the Teotihuacn civilization (3rd to 8th century ce) on the central plateau. Go and ask him. But Tezcatlipoca said he would speak only with Quetzalcoatl. ", "Method and Skepticism (and Quetzalcoatl)", "Quetzalcoatl, the Maya maize god and Jesus Christ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quetzalcoatl&oldid=1133400620, Supernatural beings identified with Christian saints, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Classical Nahuatl-language text, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2021, All articles that may contain original research, Articles that may contain original research from June 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012, Articles with incomplete citations from April 2020, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with sources in Nahuatl languages (nah), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, White Tecatlipoca, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, Feathered Serpent, Precious Twin, Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, Tlaloc, god of rain, lightning and thunder, the feathered serpent, god of vegetational renewal, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 16:18. Early depictions of Quetzalcoatl are accompanied by raindrops and standing water, indicating that he was a rain deity. He gave people maize corn, their staff of life: it had previously been hidden away. In his purely mythical form the god Quetzalcoatl was one of four brothers born in the 13th heaven. He called his attendants and asked that his sister Quetzalpetlatl come to him. by Marcelosan. But what were his monster-killing, sky-lifting and star-forming capacities in the face of his sneaky brother Tezcatlipoca? The hero (not the god) Quetzalcoatl either came as a stranger to the Aztecs from an unknown land or was born in Tula, where he reigned as priest-king. In Aztec times (14th through 16th centuries) Quetzalcatl was revered as the patron of priests, the inventor of the calendar and of books, and the protector of goldsmiths and other craftsmen; he was also identified with the planet Venus. They are widely perceived to have spread an active cult of Quetzalcoatl as far south as El Salvador.Parallel to this historic account of Toltec civilization, the Aztecs recorded the myth that the Toltecs were led by a charismatic priest, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl (1 Reed Our Lord Quetzalcoatl) (pic 3). Your email address will not be published. Quetzalcoatls link to erudition and religious dedication ensured his worship across Mesoamerica, and some priests of high rank were anointed with his name. According to the Book of Mormon, the resurrected Jesus Christ descended from heaven and visited the people of the American continent, shortly after his resurrection. And when the wind rose, when the dust rumbled, and it crack and there was a great din, became it became dark and the wind blew in many directions, and it thundered; then it was said: " [Quetzalcoatl] is wrathful." [17] [13] That period lies within the Late Preclassic to Early Classic period (400 BC 600 AD) of Mesoamerican chronology; veneration of the figure appears to have spread throughout Mesoamerica by the Late Classic period (600900AD). At a certain time the four gathered together and consulted concerning creation. He vowed to return someday. The work was left to Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli. Quetzalcoatl ( Ketsarukoatoru), often referred to as Lucoa ( Rukoa), is a supporting character of Kobayashi-san Chi no Maid Dragon and a main protagonist of Kobayashi-san-chi no Maid Dragon: Lucoa wa Boku no xx Desu. He discouraged human sacrifice, recommending flower offerings instead. Quetzalcoatl also shared a special bond with medical practitioners (pic 4), who would invoke the memory of this god when setting broken bones. It is not clear whether Quetzalcoatl slept with his sister in the myth, but the next morning he said, I have sinned, the stain on my name can never be erased. Evidence of such worship comes from the iconography of different Mesoamerican cultures, in which serpent motifs occur frequently. quetzalcoatl offerings. [23], The exact significance and attributes of Quetzalcoatl varied somewhat between civilizations and through history. Franciscans such as Toribio de Benavente "Motolinia" saw elements of Christianity in the pre-Columbian religions and therefore believed that Mesoamerica had been evangelized before, possibly by Thomas the Apostle, who, according to legend, had "gone to preach beyond the Ganges". An architectural sculpture from Teotihuacan of Quetzalcoatl, the Plumed-Serpent god of Mesoamerican religion and mythology. Related to the cult of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl, Cholula was considered a pilgrimage across... Robe decorated with flowers and crosses ground the bones of the page wind-god Ehecatl and is often depicted with blood! 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