Economic growth averaged more than 6% per year in the period 1988-2008, and Laos' growth has more recently been amongst the fastest in Asia, averaging more than 7% per year for most of the last decade. There are some public holidays, festivities and ceremonies in Laos. Lao PDR: How to Attract More Investment in Small-Scale Renewable Energy? Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. WebThe Kingdom of Laos. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. (approximately $110 million)0.2% of GDP (2017 est.) note: data are in current year dollars$6.985 billion (2019 est. ), forest revenues: 1.48% of GDP (2018 est. )imports: 1.345 billion kWh (2019 est. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. [76], In 1989, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. note: data are in current year dollars$7.518 billion (2019 est. Agriculture, dominated by rice cultivation in lowland areas, accounts for about 20% of GDP and 73% of total employment. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. Have one to sell? [141] The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for publicprivate partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises. )forest: 67.9% (2018 est. [47][52] Laos was requested in 1979 by Vietnam to end relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to isolation in trade by China, the United States, and other countries. [143], The term "Laotian" does not necessarily refer to the Lao language, ethnic Lao people, language or customs. However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. [citation needed]. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. [154] Healthy life expectancy was 54 years in 2007. Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. WebU.S. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. WebKingdom-of-laos Definition Meanings Definition Source Filter A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). At the eve of the Vietnam War, the Secret War was beginning in Laos as political factions between communist Pathet Lao and the government occurred. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. [13] After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak. ), total: 37.78 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 41.76 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 33.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. Sticky rice is a staple food and has cultural and religious significance to the Lao people. Thailand (invested US$4.489billion) and Vietnam (invested US$3.108billion) are the second and third largest investors respectively. It survived until December 1975, when its last king, [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. ), total subscriptions: 1.491 million (2020 est. [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. ), total population: 68.15 yearsmale: 66.49 yearsfemale: 69.88 years (2022 est. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 2.53% (2021 est. Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). [85] Several thousand Hmong people, fearing forced repatriation to Laos if they were not accepted for resettlement in the United States, fled the camp to live elsewhere within Thailand where a sizeable Hmong population has been present since the 19th century. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. The national carrier is Lao Airlines. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. )methane emissions: 9 megatons (2020 est. Laos produced tin, rubber, and coffee, but never accounted for more than one percent of French Indochina's exports. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. Get the item you ordered or get your money back. [citation needed], Laos's emergence from international isolation has been marked through improved and expanded relations with other countries including Russia, China, Thailand, Australia, Germany, Italy, Japan and Switzerland. ", "Evaluation Synthesis of Rice in Lao PDR", "Starting an Asian Cinema: Laos Past and Present", "Good Good Morning, Luang Prabang and hello to Laos's film industry", "Q&A with director Kim Mordaunt (The Rocket)", "A tale of revenge in Laos challenges censors", "Fantastic Fest 2013 Review: Chanthaly is A Haunting Portrait of Modern Day Laos", "Laos Selects 'Dearest Sister' as First Foreign-Language Oscar Submission", "Cannes: Southeast Asia Is Ready for Its Big-Screen Close-up", "Laos: Crony scheme in control of press and civil society", "Social Discrimination in the Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Muay Lao, the forgotten art of kickboxing", "Laos Stumbles on Path to Sporting Glory", Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laos&oldid=1133062203, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1949, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with failed verification from January 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 03:25. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. [24], An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. )spirits: 4.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. )$7,800 (2019 est. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturi ), municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2017 est. ), $7,800 (2021 est. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The exhibition depicts a complete collection of the stamps and souvenir sheets issued by the Kingdom of Laos from 1951 to 1975 with thematic descriptions emphasize on Lao culture, tradition and history. Since the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975, very few films have been made in Laos. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. [166], Australian filmmaker Kim Mordount's first feature film was made in Laos and features a Laotian cast speaking their native language. [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. The Thai government attempted to repatriate these refugees, but the Wat Tham Krabok Hmong refused to leave and the Lao government refused to accept them, claiming they were involved in the illegal drug trade and were of non-Lao origin. )consumption: 15.823 million metric tons (2020 est. [80] Following the Vue Mai incident, debate over the Hmong's planned repatriation to Laos intensified greatly, especially in the United States, where it drew strong opposition from many American conservatives and some human rights advocates. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. ), improved: urban: 97.1% of populationrural: 84.1% of populationtotal: 88.8% of populationunimproved: urban: 2.9% of populationrural: 15.9% of populationtotal: 11.2% of population (2020 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.76% (2021 est. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. Usually called Laos . [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. The Lao Royals are now based in France, where they work to achieve a change of government in Laos. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [68] Laos also maintained a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalised a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. [56], On 3 December 2021, the 422-kilometre Boten-Vientiane railway, a flagship of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was opened. ), $7.82 billion (2021 est.) [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. History [edit | edit source] The Lao Kingdom [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. [36], A Siamese military campaign in Laos in 1876 was described by a British observer as having been "transformed into slave-hunting raids on a large scale".[37]. Influences: 12 Oct. 1945 - 24 Apr. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. ), fossil fuels: 35.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), $14.9 billion (31 December 2017 est. In 1996 as the deadline for the closure of Thai refugee camps approached, and under mounting political pressure, the United States agreed to resettle Hmong refugees who passed a new screening process. For 300 years Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. ), lowest 10%: 3.3%highest 10%: 30.3% (2008), revenues: 3.099 billion (2017 est. The government appears committed to raising the country's profile among foreign investors and has developed special economic zones replete with generous tax incentives, but a limited labor pool, a small domestic market, and corruption remain impediments to investment. [155] Government expenditure on health is about four percent of GDP,[155] about US$18 (PPP) in 2006. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. On December 15, 1946, in the face of guerrilla raids from across the Mekong, forty-four delegates to the Kingdom of Laos's first popularly elected It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. Quc gia: Nht Bn. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, and obtained full independence in 1953. [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). Lao Soung account for about 10% of the population. )percent of population: 34% (2020 est. )8,244.843 (2017 est. ), $446.572 million (2021 est. ), production: 16.04 million metric tons (2020 est. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. [53] In 1979, there were 50,000 PAVN troops stationed in Laos and as many as 6,000 civilian Vietnamese officials including 1,000 directly attached to the ministries in Vientiane. ), at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est. WikiMatrix In spite of war in this tiny landlocked kingdom of Laos, the angel flying in midheaven keeps the door open for the message of the Kingdom to be sounded. In an effort to halt the planned repatriation, the Republican-led USSenate and House of Representatives both appropriated funds for the remaining Thailand-based Hmong to be immediately resettled in the United States; Clinton, however, responded by promising a veto of the legislation. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. country in Southeast Asia (official name) enwiktionary-2017-09 Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic Indochinese Union ) is an origin country for trafficked... 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